Masjid

Masjid or mosque is a house of worship place of Muslims. Mosque means a place prostration, and small mosque is also called a musholla, langgar, or surau. Apart from places of worship mosques is also the center of the Muslim community lives. Activities - activities celebrating the big day, discussions, religious studies, lectures and study the Qur'an are often held in the mosque. Even in the history of Islam, the mosque also plays a role in social activities to the military.

Etymology
 
The mosque is a place of worship. The root word from which the mosque is sajada, sajada means prostration, or bow. The word mosque itself is rooted in Aramaic. Said masgid (m-s-g-d) was found in an inscription of the 5th century BC. Said masgid (m-s-g-d) means "sacred pole" or "place of worship." [1]

The word mosque in English is called mosque. The word is derived from the word mosque Mezquita [1] in Spanish. And the word mosque later became popular and used widely in English [2].

History

The towers, as well as a large dome of the mosque, like a witness of how successfully the medieval Islamic century. Mosque has undergone a series of years the longest in history until now. Starting from the Crusades until the Gulf War. For over 1000 years, the architecture of the Mosque slowly began to adjust the mosque with modern architecture.

The First Mosque

When Prophet Muhammad arrived in Medina, he decided to build a mosque, now known by the name of Nabawi Mosque, which means that the Prophet's Mosque. Nabawi mosque is located in the center of Medina. Nabawi Mosque was built on an extensive field. In the Nabawi Mosque, there is also a pulpit that is often used by the Prophet Muhammad [1]. Nabawi Mosque at the heart of Medina at that time. The mosque is used for political activity, urban planning, determining the military strategy, and to have an agreement. In fact, the area around the mosque used as temporary shelter by people poor.

Currently, the Grand Mosque, Nabawi Mosque and Masjid al-Aqsa is the third holiest mosque in the world. [3]

The Spread of Mosques
 The mosque was built in the area and then outside the Arabian Peninsula, along with the Muslims residing outside the Arabian Peninsula. Egypt became the first region dominated by Muslim Arabs in 640. Since then, the Egyptian capital, Cairo is filled with mosques. Thus, Cairo was dubbed the city of a thousand minarets. [4] Some of the mosques in Cairo serves as an Islamic school or madrassa and even as a hospital. [5] Mosques in Sicily and Spain do not mimic the architectural design of the Visigoths, but mimicked the architecture of the Moors. [ 6] Scientists then estimated that the pre-Islamic form of the building was transformed into the form of Islamic architectural style of Andalus and the Maghreb, as examples of horseshoe arches in the doors of the mosque. [7]Tower Great Mosque of Xi'an in Xi'an, China
China's first mosque established in the 8th century AD in Xi'an. Great Mosque of Xi'an, which was last reconstructed in the 18th century AD, following the Chinese architecture. Mosques in western China such as Xinjiang region, following the Arab architecture, where the mosques have domes and minarets. Meanwhile, in eastern China, as in the Beijing area, containing Chinese architecture. [8]
The mosque started to go in India in the 16th century during the kingdom Mugal power. Mosques in India have a characteristic architecture of the mosque to another, like a dome shaped like an onion. The dome of this type can be seen in the Jama Masjid, Delhi.
The mosque was first founded in the Ottoman Empire in the 11th century AD, at which time the Turks began to enter Islam. Some of the early mosque in Turkey is the Aya Sofya, where the Byzantine era, the building is a cathedral of Aya Sofya. Ottoman Empire has the unique characteristic of the mosque architecture, consisting of a large dome, tower and a roomy exterior of the building. Mosques in the Ottoman usually collaborate on high poles, small lanes between the rows, rows, and the ceilings are high, also by combining the mihrab in a mosque. [9] Until now, Turkey is home of the mosque distinctively Ottoman architecture.
Gradually, the mosque entrance to some parts of Europe. The number of mosques are rapidly beginning to look a century ago, when many Muslim immigrants into Europe. Major cities in Europe, such as Munich, London and Paris have the great mosques with domes and minarets. The mosque is usually located in urban areas as community centers and social activities for the Muslims in the area. However, one can find a mosque in Europe when the surrounding area inhabited by Muslims in considerable amounts. [10] Mosques first appeared in the United States in the early 20th century. The first mosque established in the United States is in the area of ​​Cedar Rapids, Iowa which was built in the late 1920s period. However, a growing number of Muslim immigrants who came to the United States, mainly from South Asia, the number of mosques in the United States increased dramatically. Where the number of mosques at the time of 1950 about 2% of the number of mosques in the United States, in 1980, 50% the number of mosques in the United States was founded. [11]


References

1.  ^{a b c d e f} Hillenbrand, R "Masdjid. I. In the central Islamic lands". Encyclopaedia of Islam Online. Ed. P.J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill Academic Publishers. ISSN 1573-3912. 
2. www.google.com mosque
3. "The Ottoman: Origins". Washington State University. http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/OTTOMAN/ORIGIN.HTM. Diakses pada 15 April 2006.
4. [travel.independent.co.uk/africa/article253491.ece "Cairo, Egypt"]. The Independent. travel.independent.co.uk/africa/article253491.ece. Diakses pada 22 September 2007. 
5. Budge, E.A. Wallis (13 Juni 2001). Budge's Egypt: A Classic 19th-Century Travel Guide. Courier Dover Publications. hlm. 123–128. ISBN 0-486-41721-2. 
6. "Theoretical Issues of Islamic Architecture". Foundation for Science Technology and Civilisation. http://www.muslimheritage.com/topics/default.cfm?ArticleID=278. Diakses pada 7 April 2006. 
7. "Architecture in Christian Spain". Stanford University. http://medspains.stanford.edu/demo/themes/art_and_architecture/arch_christian_spain/index.html. Diakses pada 10 September 2007. 
8. Cowen, Jill S., "Muslims in China: The Mosque", Saudi Aramco World, July/August 1985, pp. 30–35. Diakses pada 8 April 2006.
9. "Mosques". Charlotte Country Day School. http://www.ccds.charlotte.nc.us/History/MidEast/04/Jpitts/Jpitts.htm. Diakses pada 7 April 2006. 
10. Lawton, John, "Muslims in Europe: The Mosque", January/February 1979, pp. 9–14. Diakses pada 17 April 2006.
11. (2001). "The Mosque in America: A National Portrait". Council on American-Islamic Relations. Diakses pada 17 April 2006.

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